In Vitro Thrombolytic Activity of the Ethanolic Fruit Pulp Extract of Cresentia cujete (Calabash) on Human Whole Blood
Keywords:
Crescentia cujete (Calabash) thrombolytic activity, streptokinase, in vitro thrombolytic activityAbstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a prominent cause for mortality worldwide. These conditions often increase the risk of blood clot formation (thrombosis) and may result in death. Due to the financial difficulties of people from lower income countries such as the Philippines, patients have difficulty in complying with the expensive medications prescribed to be taken and opt for alternative remedies from among locally available resources. This study aims to identify the in vitro thrombolytic activity of the ethanolic fruit pulp extract of Crescentia cujete (calabash) on human whole blood. The Streptokinase solution (positive control) showed a mean absorbance of 1.22±0.790. However, the two concentrations of the Crescentia cujete ethanolic fruit pulp extract, namely, 35 mg/mL and 17.5 mg/mL, showed a mean absorbance of 0.980±0.752 and 0.787±0.818, respectively. The normal saline solution (negative control) showed a mean absorbance of 0.716±0.885. The results of one-way repeated measures ANOVA showed that the absorbance of hemoglobin released from clotted blood was significantly different among the treatment and control groups with F (2.149, 40.825) = 20.541, p < .05, n2 = 51.9%. Analysis of the results show that the 35 mg/mL ethanolic fruit pulp extract of Crescentia cujete has thrombolytic activity on human whole blood.
References
Addo, J., Ayerbe, L., Mohan, K., Crichton, S., Sheldenkar, A., Ruoling, C., Wolfe, C., & McKevitt, C. (2012). Socioeconomic Status and Stroke. Stroke, 43(4), 1186-1191. https://doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.111.639732
Ashorobi, D., Ameer, M., & Fernandez, R. (2022). Thrombosis. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538430/
Ejelonu, B. C., Olaremu, A. A., & Ejolonu, O. C. (2011). The chemical constituents of calabash (Crescentia cujete). African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(84), 19631-19636. https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb11.1518
Goodhead, L., & MacMillan, F. (2017). Measuring osmosis and hemolysis of red blood cells. Advances In Physiology Education. 41(2), 298-305. https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/advan.00083.2016
Healthgrades Editorial Staff. (2021, January 11) Blood clots. Healthgrades. https://www.healthgrades.com/right-care/vascular-conditions/blood-clots
Honculada, M., & Mabasa, M. (2017). Antimicrobial activity of Crescentia cujete. Asian Scientific Journals, 7(1). http://asianscientificjournals.com/new/publication/index.php/ajoh/article/view/929
Kearon, C., Akl, E.A., Comerota, A.J., Prandoni, P., Bounameaux, H., Goldhaber, S., Nelson, M., Wells, P., Gould, M., Dentali, F., Crowther, M., & Kahn, S. (2012). Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: Antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American college of chest physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. CHEST Journal, 141(2), e419S-e496S. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.11-2301
Klabunde, R. (n.d.). Cardiovascular physiology concept (2nd ed). https://www.cvpharmacology.com/thrombolytic
Mahmud, S., Akhter, S., Rahman, M. A., Aklima, J., Akhter, S., Merry, S. R., Jubair, S.M. R., Dash, R., & Emran, T. B. (2015). Antithrombotic effects of five organic extracts of Bangladeshi plants In vitro and mechanisms in In silicon models. Evidence-Based Complementary And Alternative Medicine. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/782742
Nwogwugwu, N., Abu, G., & Akaranta, O. (2016). Chemical composition of calabash (Cresentia cujete) and fluted pumpkin (Telfaria occidentalis Hook. F) pulp and their potential for use in the industry. Archives of Applied Science Research, 8(8), 24–30. https://www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com/articles/chemical-composition-of-calabash-cresentia-cujete-and-fluted-pumpkin-telfaria-occidentalis-hook-f-pulp-and-their-potenti.pdf
Olaniyi, M., Lawai, I., & Olaniyi, A. (2018). Proximate, phytochemical screening and mineral analysis of Crescentia cujete L. leaves. Journal of Medicinal Plants for Economic Development, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.4102/jomped.v2i1.28
Pasicolan, V., San Juan, M., Cachero, E., de Panay, C., Gestupa, L., Sarona, G., & Tahad, J. (2014). Flavonoid screening and antiplatelet aggregation activity of miracle fruit (Crescentia cujete). Root Gatherers, 7(1). https://bit.ly/ejournals_flavonoid_screening_antiplateletaggregationactivity
Philippine Statistics Authority. (2021, January 5). Registered deaths in the Philippines, 2019. https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/crd/specialrelease/SR%20Death%20Statistics%202019-signed_0.pdf
Ratnasooriya, W.D., Fernando, T.S.P., & Madubashini, P.P. (2008). In vitro thrombolytic activity of Sri Lankan black tea, Carmellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze. Journal of National Science Foundation Sri Lankan, 36(2), 179-181. https://doi.org/10.4038/JNSFSR.V36I2.151
Sayeed, M. A., Kabir, H., Rashid, M. M., Bhuiyan, M. F., & Rashid, M. A. (2015). Thrombolytic activity of Methanolic Extracts of Desmodium paniculatum (L.) and Sarcochlamys pulcherrima (Roxb.). Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal, 17(1), 67–69. https://doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v17i1.22318
The Investopedia Team. (2023, April 25). Top 25 developed and developing countries. Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/updates/top-developing-countries/
World Bank Group. (2021). Data for Philippines. Retrieved September 8, 2020, from https://data.worldbank.org/?locations=PH-XN
World Health Organization. (2021, June 11). Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds)
World Health Organization. (2020, December 9). The top 10 causes of death, https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death
Zamanlu, M., Eskandani, M., Mohammadian, R., Entekhabi, N., Rafi, M., & Farhoudi, M. (2017). Spectrophotometric analysis of thrombolytic activity: SATA assay. Bioimpacts, 8(1), 31-38. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5915706/
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Cherish Songco, Wilfred C. Cai, Shara Khris D. Lanugan, Cesar D. Misador Jr., Khayla Ray Bernadine M. Rondobio, Kent O. Saarenas, Chytel Marie N. Sun, Dorothy Mariz Z. Tan, Bhea Jessa N. Zerda
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. Readers can freely access and download the PDF, but for non-commercial purposes only and should not be used for monetary purposes.
